在加拿大
最近在学英文，感到一个问题：我们中文有一个单字，就可以组词，比如车，可以派生出汽车/火车/卡车等，但在英文里就不能。那他们是如何组词或产生新的单词呢？比如说我们中国人第一次见到火车，看到锅炉里的火，就想到用火车来命名。那他们是如何产生出TRAIN这个新词呢？？
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回复: 关于英文单词的疑惑？？听力怎么提高？？现在最怕听电话，因为这已经耽误工作机会了。痛苦中！
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回复: 关于英文单词的疑惑？？最近在学英文，感到一个问题：我们中文有一个单字，就可以组词，比如车，可以派生出汽车/火车/卡车等，但在英文里就不能。那他们是如何组词或产生新的单词呢？比如说我们中国人第一次见到火车，看到锅炉里的火，就想到用火车来命名。那他们是如何产生出TRAIN这个新词呢？？点击展开...背记单词有诀窍词根词缀很重要好似偏旁与部首生字含义可预料
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回复: 关于英文单词的疑惑？？听力怎么提高？？现在最怕听电话，因为这已经耽误工作机会了。痛苦中！点击展开...提高听力必须练持之以恒不能变功夫不负有心人苦尽甘来成果现
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回复: 关于英文单词的疑惑？？老夫徒发少年狂，学习英语跑得忙，只是夕阳近黄昏，哀叹少壮未努力，此番加国炼狱走一趟。
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回复: 关于英文单词的疑惑？？老夫徒发少年狂，学习英语跑得忙，只是夕阳近黄昏，哀叹少壮未努力，此番加国炼狱走一趟。点击展开...孺子年少事不更不以尴尬将嘴封交流捷径无人讲时常练习口不生
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回复: 关于英文单词的疑惑？？这可好了，英语没练，汉语口语倒练得纯熟了。
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回复: 关于英文单词的疑惑？？英语有多少词根词缀？？在那里能找到。
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回复: 关于英文单词的疑惑？？哈哈,看的我笑死了,楼上两位象在说相声呢
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回复: 关于英文单词的疑惑？？哈哈,俺奔着学英语来,结果听的是中文大师的讲座
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喂，请问是中国移动吗？我是中国联通，我的小灵通坏了，你们能派中国铁通来修一下吗？孺子年少事不更不以尴尬将嘴封交流捷径无人讲时常练习口不生点击展开...说得很有道理啊
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――――――――――――――――――06年4月递案，09年6月撤案回复: 关于英文单词的疑惑？？记单词用“联想记忆法”（同义词、近义词、反义词放在一起记忆）不错
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――――――――――――――――――06年4月递案，09年6月撤案回复: 关于英文单词的疑惑？？加倍努力才行呀，英语与中文应不一样吧！
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回复: 关于英文单词的疑惑？？太有才了啊~~~~~~孺子年少事不更不以尴尬将嘴封交流捷径无人讲时常练习口不生点击展开...
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重复着相同的问题 所以过着永远1相似的生活
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英语里面的合成词也是很多的。还有很多前缀后缀，都可以加在已有的词上。楼主可以看看这篇How new words are bornEnglish speakers already have over a million words at our disposal – so why are we adding 1,000 new ones a year to the lexicon? And how? As dictionary publishers never tire of reminding us, our language is growing. Not content with the million or so words they already have at their disposal, English speakers are adding new ones at the rate of around 1,000 a year. Recent dictionary debutants include blog, grok, crowdfunding, hackathon, airball, e-marketing, sudoku, twerk and Brexit.But these represent just a sliver of the tip of the iceberg. According to Global Language Monitor, around 5,400 new words are created every year; it’s only the 1,000 or so deemed to be in sufficiently widespread use that make it into print. Who invents these words, and how? What rules govern their formation? And what determines whether they catch on?Shakespeare is often held up as a master neologist, because at least 500 words (including critic, swagger, lonely and hint) first appear in his works – but we have no way of knowing whether he personally invented them or was just transcribing things he’d picked up elsewhere. It’s generally agreed that the most prolific minter of words was John Milton, who gave us 630 coinages, including lovelorn, fragrance and pandemonium. Geoffrey Chaucer (universe, approach), Ben Jonson (rant, petulant), John Donne (self-preservation, valediction) and Sir Thomas More (atonement, anticipate) lag behind. It should come as no great surprise that writers are behind many of our lexical innovations. But the fact is, we have no idea who to credit for most of our lexicon.If our knowledge of the who is limited, we have a rather fuller understanding of the how. All new words are created by one of 13 mechanisms:1 DerivationThe commonest method of creating a new word is to add a prefix or suffix to an existing one. Hence realisation (1610s), democratise (1798), detonator (1822), preteen (1926), hyperlink (1987) and monogamish (2011).2 Back formationThe inverse of the above: the creation of a new root word by the removal of a phantom affix. The noun sleaze, for example, was back-formed from “sleazy” in about 1967. A similar process brought about pea, liaise, enthuse, aggress and donate. Some linguists propose a separate category for lexicalisation, the turning of an affix into a word (ism, ology, teen), but it’s really just a type of back formation.3 CompoundingThe juxtaposition of two existing words. Typically, compound words begin life as separate entities, then get hitched with a hyphen, and eventually become a single unit. It’s mostly nouns that are formed this way (fiddlestick, claptrap, carbon dating, bailout), but words from other classes can be smooshed together too: into (preposition), nobody (pronoun), daydream (verb), awe-inspiring, environmentally friendly (adjectives).4 RepurposingTaking a word from one context and applying it to another. Thus the crane, meaning lifting machine, got its name from the long-necked bird, and the computer mouse was named after the long-tailed animal.5 ConversionTaking a word from one word class and transplanting it to another. The word giant was for a long time just a noun, meaning a creature of enormous size, until the early 15th century, when people began using it as an adjective. Thanks to social media, a similar fate has recently befallen friend, which can now serve as a verb as well as a noun (“Why didn’t you friend me?”).6 EponymsWords named after a person or place. You may recognise Alzheimer’s, atlas, cheddar, alsatian, diesel, sandwich, mentor, svengali, wellington and boycott as eponyms – but did you know that gun, dunce, bigot, bugger, cretin, currant, hooligan, marmalade, maudlin, maverick, panic, silhouette, syphilis, tawdry, doggerel, doily and sideburns are too? (The issue of whether, and for how long, to retain the capital letters on eponyms is a thorny one.)7 AbbreviationsAn increasingly popular method. There are three main subtypes: clippings, acronyms and initialisms. Some words that you might not have known started out longer are pram (perambulator), taxi/cab (both from taximeter cabriolet), mob (mobile vulgus), goodbye (God be with you), berk (Berkshire Hunt), rifle (rifled pistol), canter (Canterbury gallop), curio (curiosity), van (caravan), sport (disport), wig (periwig), laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation), scuba (self-contained underwater breathing apparatus), and trump (triumph. Although it’s worth noting that there’s another, unrelated sense of trump: to fabricate, as in “trumped-up charge”).8 LoanwordsForeign speakers often complain that their language is being overrun with borrowings from English. But the fact is, English itself is a voracious word thief; linguist David Crystal reckons it’s half-inched words from at least 350 languages. Most words are borrowed from French, Latin and Greek; some of the more exotic provenances are Flemish (hunk), Romany (cushty), Portuguese (fetish), Nahuatl (tomato – via Spanish), Tahitian (tattoo), Russian (mammoth), Mayan (shark), Gaelic (slogan), Japanese (tycoon), West Turkic (horde), Walloon (rabbit) and Polynesian (taboo). Calques (flea market, brainwashing, loan word) are translations of borrowings.9 OnomatopeiaThe creation of a word by imitation of the sound it is supposed to make. Plop, ow, barf, cuckoo, bunch, bump and midge all originated this way.10 ReduplicationThe repetition, or near-repetition, of a word or sound. To this method we owe the likes of flip-flop, goody-goody, boo-boo, helter-skelter, picnic, claptrap, hanky-panky, hurly-burly, lovey-dovey, higgledy-piggledy, tom-tom, hip hop and cray-cray. (Willy-nilly, though, came to us via a contraction of “Will he, nill he”.)11 Nonce wordsWords pulled out of thin air, bearing little relation to any existing form. Confirmed examples are few and far between, but include quark (Murray Gell-Mann), bling (unknown) and fleek (Vine celebrity Kayla Newman).12 ErrorMisspellings, mishearings, mispronunciations and mistranscriptions rarely produce new words in their own right, but often lead to new forms in conjunction with other mechanisms. Scramble, for example, seems to have originated as a variant of scrabble; but over time, the two forms have taken on different meanings, so one word has now become two. Similarly, the words shit and science, thanks to a long sequence of shifts and errors, are both ultimately derived from the same root. And the now defunct word helpmeet, or helpmate, is the result of a Biblical boo-boo. In the King James version, the Latin adjutorium simile sibi was rendered as “an help meet for him” – that is, “a helper suitable for him”. Later editors, less familiar with the archaic sense of meet, took the phrase to be a word, and began hyphenating help-meet.13 PortmanteausCompounding with a twist. Take one word, remove an arbitrary portion of it, then put in its place either a whole word, or a similarly clipped one. Thus were born sitcom, paratroops, internet, gazunder and sexting. (Note: some linguists call this process blending and reserve the term portmanteau for a particular subtype of blend. But since Lewis Carroll, who devised this sense of portmanteau, specifically defined it as having the broader meaning, I’m going to use the terms willy-nilly.)Some words came about via a combination of methods: yuppie is the result of initialism (
oung and (up)wardly mobile) plus derivation (+ -ie); berk is a clipped eponym (Berkshire hunt); cop, in the sense of police officer, is an abbreviation of a derivation (copper derives from the northern British dialect verb cop, meaning to catch); and snarl-up is a conversion (verb to noun) of a compound (snarl + up).The popularity of the various methods has waxed and waned through the ages. For long periods (1100-1500 and 1650-1900), borrowings from French were in vogue. In the 19th century, loanwords from Indian languages (bangle, bungalow, cot, juggernaut, jungle, loot, shampoo, thug) were the cat’s pyjamas. There was even a brief onslaught from Dutch and Flemish.In the 20th century, quite a few newbies were generated by derivation, using the -ie (and -y) suffix: talkies, freebie, foodie, hippy, roomie, rookie, roofie, Munchie, Smartie, Crunchie, Furby, scrunchie. Abbreviations, though, were the preferred MO, perhaps because of the necessity in wartime of delivering your message ASAP. The passion for initialisms seems to be wearing off, perhaps because things have got a little confusing; PC, for example, can now mean politically correct, police constable, per cent, personal computer, parsec, post cibum, peace corps, postcard, professional corporation or printed circuit.But today, when it comes to word formation, there’s only one player in town: the portmanteau. Is this a bodacious development – or a disastrophe? I’ll get the debate rolling tomorrow.评论
前缀后缀可以看这里https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:English_morphemes
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精神可嘉！我是一下班就不想说一个英文字，只看中文书。
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