在加拿大
From CBC 6 big Canada Pension Plan changes arrive in 2012Last week in a speech in Davos, Switzerland, Prime Minister Stephen Harper lit a political powder keg when he hinted at possible changes to Old Age Security benefits. He was quick to point out that the Canada Pension Plan is "fully funded, actuarially sound and does not need to be changed," but a close look at the plan shows some alterations to the CPP are already underway.The rules governing the Canada Pension Plan are updated regularly, but most years the changes are limited to simple increases to benefit payments and premiums. Not this year.Ottawa is bringing in a raft of new or tweaked policies to reflect that retirement these days is more of a gradual transition for many people rather than a single event. Many of these changes either begin in 2012 or are entering the next phase-in period, and they'll have a direct impact on the retirement plans of Canadians.In some cases, the changes are big enough that people nearing retirement may want to have a chat with a financial adviser before deciding exactly when to apply for a CPP retirement pension.Early CPP, lower benefitsThe first change involves payment rates.People can choose to take a CPP retirement pension as early as age 60. But there's a catch ? a 0.5 per cent reduction in the pension payout for each month before age 65 that someone begins receiving it. That translates into a retirement benefit that's 30 per cent less at age 60 than it would be if you waited until 65.Starting in 2012, Ottawa is beginning to phase in a bigger reduction to get that early access.For 2012, the penalty rises to 0.52 per cent per month ? or a 31.2 per cent reduction for someone who starts receiving the retirement pension at age 60.The early-bird reduction will continue to rise until 2016, when it hits 0.6 per cent per month, or a maximum 36 per cent reduction for those who start receiving CPP payments at age 60 rather than waiting until they reach 65.Later CPP, bigger benefitsSimilarly, those who wait until after the age of 65 to start collecting CPP will get a bigger increase in their retirement benefit.Before 2011, the rules stated that the CPP retirement benefit was boosted by 0.5 per cent for each month after age 65 that an individual put off receiving it. So someone who waited until age 70 would enjoy a 30 per cent boost in their payments.But starting in 2011, the government began to phase in a gradual increase to that delay bonus.For 2012, the increase for each month after 65 that a person delays applying for CPP goes to 0.64 per cent ? or a maximum increase of 38.4 per cent for those who start receiving a pension at age 70. By 2013, the maximum bonus moves to 42 per cent.These changes won't affect people who are already receiving CPP benefits. They are being made, according to Service Canada, to restore these adjustments to "actuarially fair levels," so there are "no unfair advantages or disadvantages to early or late take-up of CPP retirement benefits."Drop-out years increaseCanadians currently don't need to contribute to the CPP every year from age 18 to age 65 to get a full CPP retirement pension. When someone's average earnings over their contributory period are calculated, 15 per cent of their lowest earning years are automatically ignored when the calculation is made. For someone who takes their CPP retirement pension at age 65, that means seven years of low or zero earnings are dropped from the equation.But starting in 2012, that "general drop-out provision," as it's called, goes up to 16 per cent.For someone eligible for CPP benefits in 2012, that will allow up to 7.5 years of the lowest earnings to be excluded from the calculations, boosting the retirement benefit paid.In 2014, the percentage will rise again to 17 per cent, which will allow up to eight years of low earnings to be dropped.These changes can really benefit people who entered the workforce late, who were unemployed for a long time, or took time off to go back to school.One point to note is that there are separate drop-out provisions specifically for time spent out of the workforce because of disability or to have children. 'Work cessation test' droppedCPP rules used to require that someone stop or drastically reduce the amount they earned during the two consecutive months before they began to receive a CPP retirement pension.This was, for many Canadians, an annoying and costly requirement ― especially since so many people now ease into retirement instead of stopping work completely.Now, that rule is history. Beginning in 2012, the "work cessation test" has been eliminated.Post-retirement benefitsThere's another rule change that's important for semi-retirees to be aware of. Before 2012, if someone started receiving a CPP retirement pension early ― say, at age 62 ― they didn't have to make any CPP contributions if they decided to collect payments but also keep working after age 62.Starting this year, if you are under age 65 and continue to work while also drawing a retirement pension, you and your employer must make CPP contributions.The good news for employees is that these extra contributions will be credited to what's called a Post-Retirement Benefit (PRB), which will result in a higher CPP retirement pension in the year after you make contributions to your PRB. This measure is a nod to the reality that many "retired" Canadians are still working. Canadians who continue working after age 65 and are receiving a retirement benefit will have the choice of whether or not they want to make CPP contributions. If they choose to make them, their employer must kick in their share too. Those additional contributions will go toward higher benefits beginning the year after the PRB contributions.Premiums and benefits riseCPP benefits are always adjusted to reflect the rising cost of living. For 2012, the increase in benefits is 2.8 per cent. That will bring the maximum monthly CPP retirement pension to $986.67.Contribution rates are unchanged. But since the yearly earnings maximum that the rate applies to is going up, the maximum annual contribution will rise by about $89 in 2012 to $2,306.70 for both employees and employers. http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/taxseason/story/2012/01/30/f-cpp-changes.html
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回复: 加拿大养老金变化趋势（by Harper at Davos）个人看法：1，这是大势所趋，对保守党来讲，蓄谋已久，即使将来其他党派上台，也不得不这样做。2，改革已经开始（养老金费用已经开涨，算是一个号角吧），过程不会太快，但等我们这帮人开始需要养老金的时候，这把刀正好落下 建议大家仔细看看字里行间的意思，这个新闻其实写的很婉转，甚至让人感到有些正面
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回复: 加拿大养老金变化趋势（by Harper at Davos）还没来得及看,只记得哈伯这两天说想将退休年龄延长,让百姓多纳税,晚享福,可怜的老百姓.
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知足者常乐，不知足者更要乐。个人看法：1，这是大势所趋，对保守党来讲，蓄谋已久，即使将来其他党派上台，也不得不这样做。2，改革已经开始（养老金费用已经开涨，算是一个号角吧），过程不会太快，但等我们这帮人开始需要养老金的时候，这把刀正好落下 建议大家仔细看看字里行间的意思，这个新闻其实写的很婉转，甚至让人感到有些正面点击展开...实际上没多少正面的东西，面对形势不得不做的选择而已。鼓励推迟退休年龄，实际上就说明CPP已经很难维系了。经济大环境不好，纳税劳动力不见增多的情况下，政府都会想到推迟退休年龄，说不定等我退休的时候会要求70岁。政府不可靠！想维持现在的生活水平，主要还是靠自己的存款，投资或者RSP。
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回复: 加拿大养老金变化趋势（by Harper at Davos）不是加拿大首创，别的国家早已实施了。
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新老移民要互相关心，互相爱护，互相帮助 与人无私的帖子一定要顶。 赏
反馈:太阳镜 2012-02-02#6 
Moderator
11,793 $0.00 回复: 加拿大养老金变化趋势（by Harper at Davos）经济若好起来，政府或许又会改回来。评论
知足者常乐，不知足者更要乐。经济若好起来，政府或许又会改回来。点击展开...这个很难说。经济好了，完全可以通过创造更多的就业机会和有竞争力的薪水，吸收高学历移民。当然也不能排除加拿大政府重新依靠高福利吸收移民。关键是政府想让加拿大成为一个具有高度创新竞争力的国家，还是一个躺在资源上混吃等死的国家。当然，政府说了不算，这是每个加拿大人的志愿。
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梦想这东西和经典一样，永远不会因为时间而褪色，反而更显珍贵。 赏
反馈:太阳镜 2012-02-02#8 
I ❤ SH
付费矿工 12$(0.00$赞力,#82) 22,515 $0.67 $11.52 回复: 加拿大养老金变化趋势（by Harper at Davos）从来没想过要指望政府的养老金。 而且我想50岁就退休，65岁也太晚了，所以就要自己年轻时候多努力些评论
西葡那些事儿 (2011)意大利中北部之旅 (2009)美东四城记（波、纽、华、费）(2010)墨西哥城都市游 (2012)邮轮入门级-巴哈马 (2016)从来没想过要指望政府的养老金。 而且我想50岁就退休，65岁也太晚了，所以就要自己年轻时候多努力些点击展开...回国养老？
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知足者常乐，不知足者更要乐。回国养老？点击展开...应该不会
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西葡那些事儿 (2011)意大利中北部之旅 (2009)美东四城记（波、纽、华、费）(2010)墨西哥城都市游 (2012)邮轮入门级-巴哈马 (2016)从来没想过要指望政府的养老金。 而且我想50岁就退休，65岁也太晚了，所以就要自己年轻时候多努力些点击展开...50岁退休,要存多少钱才够?
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回复: 加拿大养老金变化趋势（by Harper at Davos）50岁退休,要存多少钱才够?点击展开...+假定你是男性，2012年的时候正好50岁退休。又假定每年养老金需增加3.5%以弥补通胀的损失；再假定你的钱用于投资平均每年有5%的回报，那么你的年金系数为22.57。也就是说，如果你希望退休后2012年开始每年有5万元收入，那么你现在需要的金额为$50,000*22.57=$1,128,500
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从前楚国有个人，斜着眼睛在街上叫卖矛和盾。我的矛，名曰马列，西方先进工艺打造，宇宙最锋利，无坚不摧。又说，我的盾，名曰国情，乃本土智慧结晶，完胜西方糟粕，牢不可破。有路人上前问：如果用你的矛刺你的盾，会怎么样呢？他答不出来，就上前一矛把路人扎死，喊：就你狗汉奸、敌对势力逼话多+假定你是男性，2012年的时候正好50岁退休。又假定每年养老金需增加3.5%以弥补通胀的损失；再假定你的钱用于投资平均每年有5%的回报，那么你的年金系数为22.57。也就是说，如果你希望退休后2012年开始每年有5万元收入，那么你现在需要的金额为$50,000*22.57=$1,128,500点击展开...你这个年金系数怎么算出来的?
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回复: 加拿大养老金变化趋势（by Harper at Davos）你这个年金系数怎么算出来的?点击展开...计算养老金现值的公式比较复杂，牵涉到概率和利息理论，还有一大堆假设条件。如果你的健康状况好，预期通胀高，投资收益低，那么你就需要更多的钱，反之亦然。这是一个估算，适用于大样本空间，比如计算给一千人提供养老金需要多少钱，具体到个人是不够准确的。
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从前楚国有个人，斜着眼睛在街上叫卖矛和盾。我的矛，名曰马列，西方先进工艺打造，宇宙最锋利，无坚不摧。又说，我的盾，名曰国情，乃本土智慧结晶，完胜西方糟粕，牢不可破。有路人上前问：如果用你的矛刺你的盾，会怎么样呢？他答不出来，就上前一矛把路人扎死，喊：就你狗汉奸、敌对势力逼话多+假定你是男性，2012年的时候正好50岁退休。又假定每年养老金需增加3.5%以弥补通胀的损失；再假定你的钱用于投资平均每年有5%的回报，那么你的年金系数为22.57。也就是说，如果你希望退休后2012年开始每年有5万元收入，那么你现在需要的金额为$50,000*22.57=$1,128,500点击展开...我应该不需要那么多。人老了以后有些方面的消费会减少很多，比如买衣服，电子产品，美容消费等。如果不生养孩子的话，又能节省下来一大笔开销。而且老了以后，本金部分也是可以拿出来用的，人生不带来死不带去的。房产也是可以出售变现的。等这些钱都花完么，估计也差不多了。
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