加拿大外贸
如题我有些走美国的货,现在收到客户船务,刚刚发来的文件SOLAS Weight requirements 2016
很长很长,我都还没看,有知道说一下吗?SOLAS 公约是什么鬼?十分感谢
内容一部分如下,还有其他字数多贴不出来,只能看附件了
Shippers' guide to the container weight mandate JOC Staff | Dec 14, 2015 1:08PM EST
On July 1, 2016, a new SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea convention of the International Maritime Organization or IMO) takes effect requiring shippers whose name appears on the bill of lading to verify the gross mass of a container carrying cargo when tendering the container to the ocean carriers and terminals. Many questions remain unanswered, and rules and legal enforcement are likely to vary potentially widely among countries, ocean carriers and marine terminals, making this rule likely a big headache for shippers to comply with. But a few things are already clear: On July 1 the rule becomes not just international law under the IMO but national law within the 170 countries and three associate members that are signatories to the IMO, and that the legally responsible party for providing a verified gross mass (VGM) signed either electronically or on paper resides with the shipper. Early analysis suggests the ocean carrier and the marine terminal will be strict in not accepting containers lacking an accompanying VGM since under the SOLAS rule they can be held responsible for loading a container for which a VGM hasn’t been provided.
The following questions and answers are drawn from a variety of sources, including JOC.com reporting, published commentaries, statements by speakers at JOC events, and an official Q&A published jointly in December, 2015 by the World Shipping Council, TT Club, Global Shippers Forum and International Cargo Handling Coordination Association (ICHCA). Additional information can be found on the World Shipping Council website here.
This FAQ has been updated as of Dec. 14 and we will continue to update it as more information becomes available.
At a basic level, what is the new requirement put on shippers?
Under the new SOLAS VGM (verified gross mass) requirement, the shipper named on the ocean bill of lading is the party responsible for providing the container carrier and the terminal operator with the verified gross mass of a packed container. The carrier and the terminal operator must not load a packed container aboard a ship unless they have the verified gross mass for that container. The “shipper” according to MSC 1 / Circ. 1475 (the IMO’s guidance on VGM), is “a legal entity or person named on the bill of lading or sea waybill or equivalent multimodal transport document as shipper, and/or who (or in whose name or on whose behalf) a contract of carriage has been concluded with a shipping company.” This responsibility shipper doesn’t go away if a shipper uses a forwarder to pack and weigh a container, forward it to the port and even make the booking with the carrier. If the forwarder is acting purely on the instructions of the shipper to undertake that work on his behalf, and the shipper’s name is still what appears on the bill of lading, it’s the shipper that is responsible for verifying the gross mass weight. The shipper will have to ensure that it’s satisfied with the integrity of the forwarders’ weighing process if it’s relying on the forwarder’s measurement.
How will the rule be enforced, and what are the risks for shippers?
Certain basic facts about this are known. It will be enforced by the maritime authorities of individual nations, whose implementing regulations will vary, potentially widely depending on country and region. As a practical matter the real-world “enforcement” that will affect shippers most directly seems most likely to be carried out directly by the container lines and terminal operators, who can be expected not to accept a container without the certified VGM document accompanying it. Enforcement agencies may implement measures to satisfy themselves that compliance is achieved, which could include documentation checks, auditing or random weighing. But the SOLAS rule also places an obligation on the carrier and the terminal operator not to load a packed container for which no verified gross mass has been provided or obtained aboard ship. The carriers and terminals are expected to be disciplined in their unwillingness to accept containers tendered to them without the required VGM documentation in order to avoid penalties on themselves such as delayed sailings, and to avoid costs for the storage and handling of affected containers that might be difficult to recover from the shipper. Thus, “the risk is your container won’t get shipped. It would be turned away from the terminal,” said Global Shippers Forum secretary general Chris Welch told JOC.com in a Q&A in October.
When does the new regulation take effect?
The new regulation, called Verified Gross Mass, takes effect on July 1, 2016 but effectively the implementation date is earlier since some containers that get transshipped after July 1 will depart from their original port of origin as early as May. “There will be many containers leaving ports in May and they will have to be offloaded or transhipped in July. When that happens, someone will check whether the verifiable gross weights have been provided,” said Inttra Marketplace President Inna Kuznetsova. Thus, May 2016 “is when the industry has to be ready or experience disruptions and penalties.”
Will legislation be required by each country to make the convention law at their ports?
No. The rule is law in each of the 159 countries that are signatories to SOLAS. The reason is that SOLAS has international legal status so there need not be any further implementing legislation for states that are party to it. There has been no precedent for non-implementation or delay in the implementation of a SOLAS regulation, so there is no reason to expect any delay in implementation beyond July 1, 2016. At the same time, as a United Nations agency, the IMO leaves it to each of the individual countries to implement the ruling, which means that the exact system of penalties and procedures is left to each government and managed by the agency representing IMO in the respective country, for example the Coast Guard in the U.S., or the Maritime & Coastguard Agency in the U.K. The exact timing of regulations being promulgated and enforced will inevitably vary country by country. That said, it is understood that several countries’ agencies are currently investigating how to prevent the loading of container without the VGM submitted.
What is meant by the requirement for a “signature” on the VGM document?
What the SOLAS rule requires is that the shipper communicates the verified gross mass in a “shipping document.” It must be signed by a person duly authorized by the shipper, with a first and last name, not just a company name. The signature may be an electronic signature or may be replaced by the name in capitals of the person authorized to sign it. The VGM and signature can be part of the shipping instructions communicated via electronic data interchange (EDI), or be contained within a separate communication including a hard copy document. In either case, the document should clearly highlight that the gross mass provided is the “verified gross mass.” There is no requirement that a so-called “weight ticket” generated by a weighbridge be presented, but national implementing regulations may require that shippers using Method 1 (weighing of the cargo and container as one) produce weight tickets or other documentation upon request.
How will the signature and documentation be handed off from one party to the next in the supply chain?
This is an area where regulations won’t apply and it will be a matter of coordination among parties, with processes very much still to be worked out as of late 2015. According to a Q&A published in December by the World Shipping Council, the Global Shippers Forum, TT Club and ICHCA International, “There are inevitable process challenges to ensure effective coordination between the shipper and hauler to achieve effective documentary handoff (whether electronic or paper) to avoid in-gate delays. Such processes should be discussed between the commercial parties, including the maritime carrier and the terminal operator.”
When sourcing from contract manufacturers at origin countries, will retailers, consumer product firms and others rely on their manufacturers to conduct the weighing at the origin?
Most shippers use third-party logistics companies (3PLs) to pack and transport containers to ports. Therefore, it is fair to expect that contracts for contract logistics and freight forwarding services will be amended to reflect the VGM requirement. Shippers can expect 3PLs to try to assess an incremental fee to weigh containers. It is unrealistic to expect the shipper themselves to perform this work in most cases since they lack resources, space and people able to undertake the actual weighing of cargo or loaded containers. Therefore all 3PLs and freight forwarders will have to offer such services in some form, but in order to minimize supply chain disruption as the implementation date approaches in 2016, a customer should inquire early to be certain that the requirement can be met.
Are shippers that only tender partial loads to a forwarder or master loader responsible for providing VGM?
No. The responsibility for providing the accurate, verified gross mass of a co-loaded container remains with the shipper named on the maritime carrier’s bill of lading, i.e. the “master” loader or freight forwarder. The contractual terms between the ultimate shipper and a co-loader may allow the shipper to provide a VGM to the master loader, or the master loader or forwarder might undertake the weighing process themselves, but either way this would be a commercial arrangement between those parties.
后续还有请看附件.....
[ 本帖最后由 echolonely 于 2016-3-1 18:22 编辑 ]
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一份来自台湾货代业的报道:
国际海上人命救助安全公约之货柜查证重量要求 20160310 台湾新生报航运网
◎王肖卿
一、前言
自交通部航港局成立以来,不断关切国际新情势与新变化,2016.3.8该局特邀请相关出口业者就上开主旨召开共识及因应会议,该会不仅出口託运业者参与者眾,船方亦派员参与,笔者有幸代表中华託运人协会,特就公约新修正之要求及会议概况,做成以下笔记,供未能开会之读者参考。整理时间有限,恐有不足,亦欢迎读者提供卓见,在新生及中华两报航运版给予指教。
二、国际海上人命救助安全救助公约简介
国际海上人命安全救助公约(The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, SOLAS) 是国际海事组织(International marine Organization, IMO)公布之国际安全协定。為确保签约国船舶配合最低安全标準,订定之一份关於船舶安全、设备安全、运作安全的安全準则,国际海上人命安全救助公约之歷次修正,均以朝航行安全方向运作,因此普遍被认為係目前国际商船航行最重要之遵行原则。
第一份国际海上人命安全救助公约(SOLAS)源於铁达尼号1912年之沉没,引起关於救生艇艘数、船舶紧急应变机能、无线电通讯系统不足之注意,於1914年被提出,惟因第一次世界大战之故,该版公约迄未生效,其后1929与1948又陆续被提起,迄1960年始推出国际海上人命安全救助公约之订定、於1965.5.27生效后,航运业始有一份对船舶配合航行安全技术之国际认可新规定与新程序。
国际公约之生效程序缓慢,航行安全之要求却迫切,1974年之二版之国际海上人命安全救助公约,可说是目前海上人命安全救助公约最完整的版本,该版於1980年生效,此后之修正均按该版為修正基準。该版在公约内订定简化公约之修改及生效程序,规定除传统公约生效常见程序之批准(ratification)、核准(approval)、同意(agreement)、接受(acceptance)、加盟(accession)之外,增加一个默许接受(tacit acceptance)的程序,规定若非有一定船吨国家(未知如果中华民国国籍船吨数够多,能否适用)以反对书方式提出反对,否则即属默许接受(tacit acceptance),承认公约,因此加速公约规定之生效过程。并订定国际公制,作為统一计量之标準。
1988之修正主因1987年以无线电通报取代摩斯密码(morse code)通报全球海事灾变系统(the Global Maritime Distress Safety System,GMDSS),於1992.2.1生效。2014.7.1之新版,则為合併1978, 1988年的若干小修正,订於2016.7.1开始实施,分通则、结构、稳定性、机械及电机、防火灭火、救生设备、无线电通讯、航行安全、载货安全(燃油安全、危险品运载安全)、核子商船、船舶安全管理、散装船管理及公约下之发证等12章内容,订於2016.7.1开始实施。
三、公约过磅新规定之要求及责成对象
国际海事组织 (IMO) 修正之新规定,要求装载货柜出口之船舶,须有认证之柜重,託运人应负责柜重之认证。该要求订於2016.7.1起实施,生效后海运营运人与码头营运人查证重量属实,始可装船。
然而大家须了解的是,国际海上人命救助安全公约订定之重点在海上航行之安全,因此规范之对象,以往不外是船舶,以及营运船舶之人,即使不符要求,其处分-透过港口国管制之处分对象,亦仅止於船舶资產而已。所以儘管文字要求託运人提供并认证柜重,以及未有柜重资料之货柜不得装船之规定,实际上却仅能处分船方(不得进港或不得装卸)。另外值得一提的是,纵则国际海上人命救助安全公约整体亦规范散装船,然本次主要规范者仅在於班轮运输(liner)。亦即班轮运输之船方。
目前的班轮运输生态,经营者已非昔日之船东,多数船舶营运人仅為船舶之承租人或营运操作人。修正规定下所要求之託运人,则主要為船方签发主提单(master B/L or ocean B/L)上之海运承揽运送人(大陆之货运代理人,简称货代),而非承揽运送人所签分提单(House B/L)之货主託运人。
空运生态早已百分百透过承揽运送人送货,海运生态亦已达九成九由承揽运送人併柜,因此公约的「託运人」即指承揽运送人无疑,小託运人存活者既早已少之又少,纵提报之货重非準确数字,货重不实產生之纠纷,恐亦难发生在小託运人身上。公约对於併柜货之货种认证,则规定应负责之託运人,為併柜货取具并列名海运单证上之主要承揽运送人,亦即取具主提单之併柜货代。
依修正规定之文字,託运人应提报认证之货重,即公约之"verified gross mass”,若不拘泥於公约之文字,可解释以託运人之负责签字即代表毛重已经被认证。是否於装船前实际过磅,则可不予计较,这点对公约新规定之詮释,十分重要。公约规定係适用於全球的,因此託运人、承揽运送人(货代)、船舶营运人相互间,应建立一套标準程序,以确认完成装柜时之重量要求。
併柜之货重由併柜之个别货主通知主要承揽运送人后,由主承揽运送人查证并签字负责,公约并特别规定,主承揽运送人应查证后再签字负责,不以其他託运人(承揽运送人)提供之货重作為查证重量。这点就比较麻烦,而查证之作法可就其他货物外包装之重量说明-即密封包装袋上註明之重量為準(Chapter VI, Part A, Regulation 2,4,2),或者另请公证公司验证,验证后的重量即為公约规定之查证重量,再由该主承揽运送人签字认证。
因為公约尚有,当货物送到装货港,託运人却未提供货种资料(考其实务,几不可能),因而由船长或其代表人,或码头代表,强行过磅,认证并记载货物重量之规定。因此航港局於2016.3.8讨论会议,船务代理(船代)公会便数度提出,希望主持会议之航港局,能代為订定船代不做这份认证工作,不希望在沉重的代理业务之外,还被船方指定作為代船长认证之人,笔者并不明白船代公会為船代申冤之苦衷,就事论事的认為船方指定,船代便应代船长作这项签字认证,而受到船代会之责难。惟考该规定之前提,仅為遇到「託运人送货却未提供货重时」,因此就事实论,发生机率几乎為零。且本次规定之责成重点,仅為託运人。船长在公约修正规定裡,鲜有机会需要承担查证重量之责,船代会更应不必如此忧心。
四、公约 (SOLAS)新规定之基本原则
因应这套修正规定之特性,国际海事组织(IMO)与国际海运协会(World Shipping Council, WSC)均另订指导原则,為公约不够详细之处做说明。
(一)货柜重量应於装船前过磅
重柜必须在装船前实际过磅,未经适当过磅查证重量之货柜,无法装船 (SOSAS Chapter VI, Regulation 2,para.6 & IMO Guidelines, Section 6)。
船长或其代表人、码头代表应於装船前获取货柜实际毛重。公约这段话的原文很简单,只说记载重柜(整柜或满柜)柜重的海运单证如未提供货柜毛重,船长或其代表、码头代表在未获知货柜毛重前,不得装船。指导原则因此补充,「船长或其代表、码头代表应透过实际过磅,获知毛重」。至於实际毛重是否回归SOSAS Chapter VI, Regulation 2, para.4~5公约要求的,由託运人签字认证,或逕行提供过磅站、或转由船长授权、船长代表(船方)授权、码头代表之被授权人(就涉及前述之船务代理行)签字,认证毛重,由於公约之规定本身,仅只针对託运人,因此可认為再交由託运人签字自亦不违公约、指导原则则补充说明,过磅站提供重量证明亦可,至於是否船方指定船代為船长代表,恐须由船方决定了,因為处分对象仍為船舶或船方,因此由船方决定应仍是正确的做法。
转船货柜如已由前一港通知认证之柜重,则可不对柜重再予验证。
对於前述规定,公约不再做例外规定。
(二)公约修正规定有两个过磅方案
其一是在装柜后过磅,其二则就柜内货物、内容物之重量,包括使用垫板(pallet)时之垫板重量、使用货物与货物间做避免货物摩擦之分隔货物之垫舱(dunnage)时之垫舱重量、以及其他装入柜内之其他货物固定(secure)设备之固定设备重量等,一一过磅,加上载於柜门下方之货柜皮重,计算柜重。 IMO Guidelines, 7.2.2亦认為第二方案对某些货物来说,不适当也不务实,如废金属、未包装之穀类货物或其他散装货物,很难取得个别重量。
(三)重量不可以评估方式取得
託运人或其指定之第三人,有责任实际过磅货柜或其内容物,使用之量测工具须具国内证
照或為符合国内校準标準,不得使用他人便宜行事提供之工具。唯一例外规定,打包货柜除
為特定需要。个别货物產地已封包之包装,包括附於包装内之打包材料及製冷剂等,只要附
於包装袋内,并已於表面标记品名及货重,即為正确之内容物重量,装柜时不须再次过磅(IMO
Guidelines paragraph 7.2.1)。重量不得以评估方式為之,惟產地封包之包装清楚记载之重量,
则许可承认。如平板电视萤幕已由製造商记载於电视包装箱上之重量,即承认為正确重量。
併柜货之货柜无例外规定,海上运送人提单上之託运人即為应负责提供货柜认证重量之
人(IMO Guideline 7.3),「因此主承揽运送人-海上运送人提单载明之託运人,即為代表其
他併柜货之承揽运送人,负责提供查证正确柜重,其责任不仅為其他併柜货物承揽运送
人提供之资料作传递而已」。
(四)运送人应信赖託运人签名之重量查证报告,视其為正确资料
运送人不须对託运人告知之重量做再查证,公约也未要求运送人,当託运人已依以上第二个
方法完成封柜之货柜、在目的港经司法当局承认后之重量,再进行挑剔或再查证。配合公约
要求、认证柜重须经託运人或其代表人签字,以证明重量為正确。亦即海运单证上应由託运
人或其授权之人签字认证,代表託运人已提供正确重量。并已依公约规定陈交船长或其代表
人(SOLAS Chapter VI, Regulation 2, paragraph 1),构成船方接到海运指令。或由过磅站提供之
过磅重量证明另行陈交船方(IMO Guidelines, paragraph 3.13)。单证应清楚标明重量(IMO
Guidelines, paragraph 8) 「不论单证格式如何,认证之封柜重量均须由託运人或其代表人签
字為之,或以电子签章或由以被授权人之名字大写代之」(IMO Guidelines, paragraph 9)。
(五)未有託运人签字认证重量之货柜可在港重新过磅补救
码头如无适当设施可行过磅,可採其他替代方案获得重量证明,否则货柜无法装船。
已封包之货柜,海运单证如未记载认证之柜重,则船长或其代表,以及码头代表人未获认
证柜重,不许装船 (Regulation 2, paragraph 1) 。纵託运人须负责柜重之认证及记载,货柜交
予码头代表时未有柜重资料记载,仍应於装船前代託运人取得柜重、并记载於单证。「在获
得认证重量前(单证為记载),货柜不得装船,為使船舶如期开航,船长或其代表人、码头代
表人可代託运人取得柜重资料」,可在码头过磅代行之,依此资料製船舶积载图,如此
可由有关双方协议(包括过磅成本分摊之协定)( IMO Guidelines, paragraph 19)。这些都是公约
说明不够清楚,指导原则补充之规定。本规定亦為前述(一)之补充。
(六)码头收到未有託运人签字认证重量之出口货柜,应就地过磅,以获取柜重资料,用以记载於船舶积载图,码头与运送人并应就此达成协议
(七)在装货港过磅之封包货柜,其重量即為用以在船舶积载图记载
任何柜重差异应以消除疑义之柜重资料為记载(IMO Guidelines, paragraph 13),以码头过磅
资料作為最后认证重量资料(IMO Guidelines, paragraph 14)。
(八)在船舶积载图记载之查证柜重即為船上之总柜重
五、结论及建议
公约新规定之条文其实非常简略,较详细之指导原则,不如说是补充规定,注意公约及指导原则之文字,可了解新规定强调与针对者,一是「託运人认证」、二是针对「整柜」,要求柜重、三是每个「重柜均须过磅」。这些都是台湾目前之作业方式。
个别货物在实务上,须先由货方提供货重资料,由於班轮运输以体积货為主,体积為计算运费之基础,重量则仅為参考数字,因此多由货方提供,船方亦多不质疑,逕行填列於提单,然重柜出口台湾对重柜过磅,记入装货积载图(本次公约所用之stowage plan,实则多称bay plan),而非以个别装柜货物之重量加总,此种作法台湾已行之有年。公约生效施行后,亦将自积载图查起,而非针对个别货物之货重,因此毋需多虑。
不论对公约或对指导原则其实台湾都不必过度担忧,结论理由如下:
(一) 结论
1. 所有规定:包括託运人申报重量、载入提单、舱单,係行之有年之旧规定与旧做法,新规定仅增订如下:
(1) 託运人应签字负责。
(2) 併柜由领受主提单之託运人签字负责。
(3) 未申报重量之货物应由港务单位与船方强行过磅,费用另订协议。
2. 查证重量之方式,指导原则订定两种,一是过磅、二是就内容物查证后再加计载於货柜门下方之货柜皮重。使用工具则為依国内法发证或国内校準之工具。因此过磅之準确与否,其实无须担忧。
3. 如有封包并註明重量之重量之封包货物,以包装重量為準,无须再查证。
4. 转口重柜到港前已由前一港通知柜重,亦无须再查证。
5. 本次责成之託运人回归班轮运输之海运生态,其实指承揽运送人。以及主提单中之主要承揽运送人。
6. 国际海上人命安全救助公约之主要目的係為航行安全,船舶之载重资料则依装载计画之记载,责成託运人实则仍為责成船舶营运公司、即目前班轮运输之船东或船舶承租人(charterers)、船舶营运人(operator)须负责。
(二) 综和以上理由之建议包括如下
1. 公约新规定生效实施后,可知船方到港除传统送验之单据、证件外,必将新增託运人签
字认证之查证重量证明,至於该重量证明是否另行提供,或仅附随提单提供,将须参考
他国作法,併入作為港口国管制之要求,须於了解后因应。
2. 新规定无罚则,属提醒注意及吓阻重量不实之作用规定,港口国检测应仍从船方积载图
入手,仍属传统之检查,发生安全疑虑问题,始有个别柜重是否属实之查验。
台湾新生报航运网
http://www.tssp.com.tw/data/tw/talk/20160310.htm
评论
SOLAS货柜查证重量要求 王肖卿:毋需多虑 20160310
台湾新生报航运版
自积载图查起 非针对个别货物货重 台湾已行之有年
记者陈维强/台北报导航港界高度关注的海上人命安全国际公约(SOLAS)货柜查证重量要求,国内著名海商专家与海商法学者王肖卿认為,公约新规定的条文其实非常简略,较详细的指导原则,不如说是补充规定,注意公约及指导原则的文字,可了解新规定强调与针对者:一是「託运人认证」,二是针对「整柜」要求柜重,三是每个「重柜均须过磅」,这些都是台湾目前作业方式,公约生效施行后,也将自积载图查起,而非针对个别货物的货重,因此毋需多虑。
王肖卿指出,个别货物在实务上,须先由货方提供货重资料,由於班轮运输以体积货為主,体积為计算运费基础,重量则仅為参考数字,因此多由货方提供,船方亦多不质疑,逕行填列於提单,然重柜出口台湾对重柜过磅,记入装货积载图(本次公约所用之stowageplan,实则多称bayplan),而非以个别装柜货物之重量加总,此种作法台湾已行之有年。
不论对公约或对指导原则,王肖卿认為台湾都不必过度担忧的理由如下:
(一)所有规定:包括託运人申报重量、载入提单、舱单,係行之有年之旧规定与旧做法,新规定仅增订1.託运人应签字负责。2.併柜由领受主提单之託运人签字负责。3.未申报重量之货物应由港务单位与船方强行过磅,费用另订协议。
(二)查证重量之方式,指导原则订定两种,一是过磅、二是就内容物查证后再加计载於货柜门下方之货柜皮重。使用工具则為依国内法发证或国内校準之工具。因此过磅之準确与否,其实无须担忧。
(三)如有封包并註明重量之重量之封包货物,以包装重量為準,无须再查证。
(四)转口重柜到港前已由前一港通知柜重,亦无须再查证。
(五)本次责成之託运人回归班轮运输之海运生态,其实指承揽运送人,以及主提单中之主要承揽运送人。
(六)国际海上人命安全救助公约之主要目的係為航行安全,船舶之载重资料则依装载计画之记载,责成託运人实则仍為责成船舶营运公司、即目前班轮运输之船东或船舶承租人(charterers)、船舶营运人(operator)须负责。
http://www.tssp.com.tw/news/shipping/201603/2016031001.htm
评论
中国航海学会海洋船舶驾驶专业委员会秘书长、国家安全生产专家
为提高集装箱的海上运输的安全,IMO在SOLAS第VI章中增加了装货的集装箱装船之前进行重量验证的要求,形成SOLASVI/2(货物资料)修正案,于海安会第94次会议通过MSC.380(94)号决议,并将于2016年7月1日生效实施。这是航运界多年呼吁集装箱称重立法之路迈出的重要一步。从长远来看,集装箱货物重量错报、误报将得到法规的有效约束,对集装箱运输业来说意义深远而重大。
按照海安会第93次会议(MSC93)批准的MSC.1/Circ.1475通函《装货集装箱毛重验证导则》第14条1款:“船长最终应遵照《货物积载和系固安全操作规则》,仅在其确信货物能够安全运输时方可接受货物上船。SOLAS规则并未限制船长就是否接受装货集装箱装船保留最终决定权这一原则。提前足够时间向码头代表和船长或其代表提供用于船舶配载图的装货集装箱验证的毛重是集装箱装到适用SOLAS规则船舶上的前提”的要求,船长或其代表和码头代表在装船前如果没有获得经核实的集装箱的实际毛重,该载货集装箱将被拒绝装船。
很显然,修正案不仅明确了托运人须对装货的集装箱或其全部内容称重负责,还要求托运人将经验证的装货集装箱总重量(VGM)在装船前交给船长或者其代理人及码头代表,以便船舶经营人和码头经营人有时间运用于配载计划。因此,修正案对整个集装箱运输供应链利益相关方都造成了一定的影响和压力。
然而,到目前为止,包括政府(主管机关)在内的整个集装箱运输系统,托运人(集装箱货主)、承运人(船东或船公司)、码头等相关各方对装货集装箱总重(VGM)的验证,在认识上仍存在着一定的差距,尤其是该修正案的生效时间已经越来越近的今天,除上述信息中提及的少数国家、港口和航运公司外,《SOLAS公约》的170个缔约国中只有为数不多的国家公布了集装箱称重的国家规定,而许多港口目前还不能提供类似的服务,大多数航运公司仍未出台和制定相应的对策和措施。这可能将给修正案的生效,和整个系统的高效运转带来不便或麻烦,为此,建议相关各方,包括政府主管机关,托运商、承运商和远洋承运人根据修正案,和MSC.1/Circ.1475通函《装货集装箱毛重验证导则》的相关要求尽快制定切实可行的对策和操作方案,以确保该修正案生效前能有效运行。
评论
集装箱承重新规2016年7月1日实施 承运商准备不足
从2016年7月1日开始,国际海事组织(IMO)将实施《国际海上人命安全公约》(SOLAS公约)关于出口集装箱重量查核的相关要求,该规定明确要求,从当天起,托运人(货主)将要为所有出口集装箱申报查核总重量(VGM),凡无验证总重的集装箱将不得装船。
一海运网站公布客户调查结果,410名受访者表示他们对实施海上人命安全公约(SOLAS)有关集装箱重量验证(VGM)新规定十分担忧,他们不确定海运行业、自己的公司和客户是否已对此做好应对准备。只有30%的受访者预计自己的公司或客户能够在2016年7月实施这项条例时做好准备,遵守要求;48%的人表示“存有疑虑”;10%的人则给出了否定答案。近66%,即三分之二的受访者预计这一举措将对远洋航运业产生中大型影响,其中42%认为对亚太区影响最大,非洲位居其次获22%投票。
世界最大的无船承运商德迅集团表示,只有尽快采纳全球VGM通信标准并予以实施,才能避免明年该新规定正式生效时造成的混乱。为了能让这个系统高效稳定的运转,托运商、承运商和远洋承运人必须继续寻找符合规约的切实可行的方案。
以下五点行业内需知最重要事项予以概述。
1新规定将提高航运安全性
误报的集装箱重量对船舶、卡车和码头设备的稳性具有严重影响,并可对该行业中的工人安全构成威胁,甚至危及生命。误报重量似乎是普遍现象,当集装箱在事 故后称重时,所获总量结果经常与其货物舱单上数据不同。就该问题的长期争议已导致对SOLAS公约(有关其第VI章第2条,要求使之准确)的修订,以确保 所有集装箱重量精确申报。
2所有集装箱应予称重
新SOLAS公约规定的原则是简单的,自 2016年7月1日起,所有集装箱在其装船前要强制性称重。集装箱重量可用两种方法之一来确定。集装箱可在其已装货后称重,或可代之以将货箱的所有内容物 品称重,并且该重量可加上集装箱皮重合并计算。无论以何种方式,对其重量不允许主观推算。
3整个供应链将受到影响
积极参与集装箱供应链的各个方面将在某种程度上受到此新规定影响。船舶经营人和码头经营人被要求将经验证的集装箱重量运用于配载计划。为了让他们以及时 方式得到信息,托运人将必须与订舱代理或货运代理分享该验证重量。这显然要求达成有关程序新协议,以及修改现有的信息技术(IT)系统。
4提供准确重量为托运人责任
托运人(或托运人责任下的第三方)被要求对装货的集装箱或其全部内容称重,这取决于其所选方法。所用的称重设备必须满足国家的认证和校准要求。 SOLAS公约修正案要求重量验证程序必须签名,特定人员必须按代表托运人已验证重量计算精度程序来命名和确定。承运人可依赖此签名验证重量作为准确重量。
5申报程序细节可因具体情况不同而异
集装箱验证总重量必须以签名的航运文件申报。此单证可能是给航运公司装船指令的一部分,或可为单独文件,如像一份包含重量证书的申报单。无论何种情况,该文件应明确申明所提供的总重量为验证的总重量。承运人将提供托运人有关信息截止时间,在此期限内承运人必须从托运人那里收到要求的集装箱验证重量用于船舶配载计划。这些截止时间可因不同的承运人而异,可因运作程序或不同的码头经营人的要求而异,并可因港口不同而异。凡无验证总重的集装箱不得装船。
评论
MSK 国际海事组织关于装船前提供核实集装箱重量的要求
尊敬的客户:
2014年11月21日,国际海事组织(IMO)海上安全委员会第94届会议正式采用了国际海上人命安全(SOLAS)公约的一项新要求,即从2016年7月1日起,作为货物装船的先决条件,托运人必须通过以下两种方法之一提供核实出口集装箱重量:
方法一:使用经校准和认证的设备,在出口集装箱装货作业完毕、铅封锁上时对集装箱进行称重;
方法二:所有包装、货品、托盘、垫料以及其他包装和固定材料进行称重,再加上集装箱皮重,得到的总重量就是需要的查核总重量。
为什么有这项新要求?
采用不准确的集装箱重量所作的装船表,对于人员安排,船只,码头和设备都将来巨大的风险。
目前没有规则/程序核实托运人所提供的重量负荷,因此导致海上人命安全有巨大风险。 这是海上安全委员会规定的行业要求,需要所有相关单位于2016年7月1日起执行。
有什么改变?
托运人需要确保在装船截止时间之前提供每个集装箱的核实重量或者核实重量证书。
这将是托运人的责任,以确保他们提供集装箱准确的重量,而不是估计的重量。
如果托运人不提供核实重量(电子或者实物证书),集装箱将无法装船。
对您有什么影响?
降低因事故和突发事件对船只上的货物/集装箱带来的风险。 让各方包括托运人,收货人,销售商对货物重量明晰。
我们为您提供支持 在全球范围为货主协调安排有关规则的沟通
让货主更方便提交核实重量 采取多种便利途径令货主提交核定的总重量信息 协调各国家/码头/供应商增加称重和托运人提交核定总重量的设施
中国业务试点 今年年初,中国海事局已经在深圳推出了业务试点,以探寻符合国际海上人命安全公约的解决方案。当业务试点取得进展,我们将提供您更详细的信息。
您可点此查询国际海上人命安全公约的详细内容,及点此查询海上安全委员会的实施细则。
感谢您一直以来对于马士基航运的支持。如您对上述调整有任何疑问或希望了解更多信息,敬请联系您当地的马士基航运客服或销售代表。获取我们本地办公室的联系方式请登陆www.maerskline.com 获取。
顺颂商祺!
马士基(中国)航运有限公司 华东区
2015年11月16日
评论
How will shippers declare “verified gross weights of packed export containers” to ocean carriers and terminals from next July?
The mandatory regulation of the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) on container weights becomes effective in July 2016. But if you are not yet ready with new processes on how to comply with this new regulation, do not worry: you are not alone.
While attending the South Carolina International Trade Conference in September, Drewry found that none of the exporters and carriers we spoke to had already defined processes on how to comply. We heard concerns about how exporters will find out the tare
weight of the container. The regulation says that shippers must declare the gross mass of the container, meaning the combined
weights of all packages and cargo items, including pallets, dunnage and other packing material and securing materials
packed into the container plus the tare weight of the carrier’s shipping container. But the exporter will only know the tare
weight when the container is selected by the carrier or when it is delivered to the place of shipment. Will the shippers’ staff
have to read the ISO tare weight stated on the box itself or can they rely on what the carrier tells them the weight is? And the
exporter cannot be held responsible if the container has been repaired or amended and no longer has the original tare weight,
surely?
“The cost is going to be prohibitive,” said Melzie Wilson, vice president of compliance at major US forwarder and NVO
Mallory, who is also a board member at the National Customs Brokers & Forwarders Association of America. “How are we
going to do this?”
There will be 2 methods to provide and declare the verified container weight.
Method 1
– weighing the packed container using calibrated and certified weighing equipment.
“Costs associates with this may be stop fee by trucker, fee at public scales, trucker fee for getting certificate to
shipper/carrier, fee by NVOCC or Freight Forwarder for handling certificate or electronic filing. Due to possible lack of
visibility of verification by the carrier or an overweight or possible mismatch in weight, we see rolls and storage fees at port and possible additional drays by trucking,” Wilson said.
Method 2
– weighing the packages and cargo items including all packing and securing equipment and adding this to the tare weight of the container, using a certified method approved by a competent authority.
“Costs associated with this may be one of that of a NVOCC or FF for handling the certificate or electronic filing. Again, due to
possible lack of visibility of verification by the carrier or an overweight or possible mismatch in weight, we see rolls and
storage fees at port and possible additional drays by trucking,” Wilson added.
Some key questions must be addressed by exporters:
- Who will weigh the cargo or the container? Exporters or consolidators who already have a weighbridge at their
factory or warehouse can weigh the packed container themselves. Exporters who already have an automated
system to generate packing lists with exact weights for finished products (and who do not use dunnage) could
also calculate the total weight without problems. But all the other exporters, including those who ship raw
materials, will have to find a way or a third party to weigh the container. This could cost a lot of money.
- Which documents will exporters need to provide to both the carrier and the terminal with the cargo weight
declaration? Drewry understands that carriers are working on defining commercial processes for this. You should
start talking to your carrier.
- How will this affect the container cut-offs at the export port?
It is important to comply with the regulation. If you do not, the container will not be loaded on the ship.
The full text of the SOLAS regulations and the IMO Guidelines Regarding the Verified Gross Mass of Container Carrying
Cargo (MSC.1/Circ.1474, 9 June 2014) can be found at:
http://www.worldshipping.org/industry-issues/safety/cargo-weight
pdf文档 http://www.aaei.org/wp-content/u ... _shippers_minds.pdf
评论
评论
如果是拼柜,那重量要怎么算?
评论
正要找这东西
评论
大大声感谢
评论
这个就只能拼柜各厂货物重量要准确,最好装前过几箱货物,取个平均重量,一般这样出来重量都不会误差太大
装完后拖车连柜过磅,得出实际总货重,如果和原来相差得很大,那肯定是有重量出错的,那要查
实在查不到,那就只能自己做个重量,相应的减少或者增多,符合过磅实重
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