加拿大外贸
There are several reasons why governments have often chosen to use quotas rather than tariffs as a way of limiting imports. The first is as insurance against further increases in import competition (protectionist insurance) and import spending (balance-of-payment insurance).Quotas help ensure that the quantity of imports is strictly limited. If, for instance, increasing foreign competitiveness lowers the world price of imports, a quota will simply hasten the reduction in the total amount spent on imports. A tariff, by contrast, allows later foreign price cuts to raise both import quantities and (if our demand for imports is elastic) import values, thus complicating any official forecasts of the balance of payments.Quotas are also chosen in part because they give government officials greater administrative flexibility and power in dealing with domestic firms. These officials usually have discretionary authority over who gets the import licenses under a quota system, and they can use this power to their advantage (e. g., by taking bribes).For their part, protectionist interests also see a quota system as an opportunity to lobby for special license privileges, whereas a tariff is a source of government revenue to which they do not have easy access.
A quota operates by limiting the physical amount of the good or service imported. This reduces the quantity available to consumers, which in turn causes the domestic price to rise. The domestic price continues to rise until the quantity supplied domestically at the higher price plus the amount of the import allowed under the quota exactly equals the reduced quantity demanded. The quota thus restricts quantity supplied, causing price to adjust, in contrast to a tariff, which induces a quantity adjustment by fixing a higher domestic price.
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There are several reasons why governments have often chosen to use quotas rather than tariffs as a way of limiting imports. The first is as insurance against further increases in import competition
(protectionist insurance) and import spending (balance-of-payment insurance).Quotas help ensure
that the quantity of imports is strictly limited. If, for instance, increasing foreign competitiveness
lowers the world price of imports, a quota will simply hasten the reduction in the total amount spent on imports. A tariff, by contrast, allows later foreign price cuts to raise both import quantities and (if our demand for imports is elastic) import values, thus complicating any official forecasts of the balance of payments.
这是为什么政府常用限额而不是征税的方式来限制出口的几个原因。首先这是进口竞争（保护主义者的措施）和进口花费（国际收支保护措施）的保险措施。限额有利于确保严格限制进口数量。比如，如果越来越多的国外竞争品低于商品的国际市场价格，限额能够简单快速的减少进口花费的总额。相对而言，关税使以后的国外市场价格降低，从而提升了进口数量（如果我们的进口需求是有弹性的）和进口额，这样就把国际收支的官方预测复杂化了。
Quotas are also chosen in part because they give government officials greater administrative flexibility and power in dealing with domestic firms. These officials usually have discretionary authority over who gets the import licenses under a quota system, and they can use this power to their advantage (e. g., by taking bribes).For their part, protectionist interests also see a quota system as an opportunity to lobby for special license privileges, whereas a tariff is a source of government revenue to which they do not have easy access.
选择限额为手段的另一原因，是它可以让政府官员更灵活的管理掌控国内公司。这些官员经常在限额系统下对有进口许可的公司自由施行管制，并利用此权利获利（比如受贿）。对他们而言，保护主义的好处，是可以把限额体制视为去疏通特殊许可特权的机会，尽管关税是政府财政收入的来源，但是并不容易去实现。
翻了2段，练手的，还请高兴来指教。
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There are several reasons why governments have often chosen to use quotas rather than tariffs as a way of limiting imports.
政府选择使用配额而不是关税来限制进口有几个原因。
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There are several reasons why governments have often chosen to use quotas rather than tariffs as a way of limiting imports. The first is as insurance against further increases in import competition (protectionist insurance) and import spending (balance-of-payment insurance).Quotas help ensure that the quantity of imports is strictly limited. If, for instance, increasing foreign competitiveness lowers the world price of imports, a quota will simply hasten the reduction in the total amount spent on imports. A tariff, by contrast, allows later foreign price cuts to raise both import quantities and (if our demand for imports is elastic) import values, thus complicating any official forecasts of the balance of payments.
政府常采用限额制而不是关税来限制进口有以下几个原因。第一个是作为一种保障措施——抑制更多的进口竞争（保护主义政策）和开销（贸易支付差额）。限额制帮助政府保证了进口数量的严格控制。例如，如果不断增长的国外竞争力降低了进口价格，限额制度就会促进在进口总值上的锐减。而相比这下，关税使之后的国外产品降价，以增长了进口的数量，以及（如果我们的进口需要是弹性变化的）进口的价值标准，而使任何政府关于贸易支付差额的预测复杂化
Quotas are also chosen in part because they give government officials greater administrative flexibility and power in dealing with domestic firms. These officials usually have discretionary authority over who gets the import licenses under a quota system, and they can use this power to their advantage (e. g., by taking bribes).For their part, protectionist interests also see a quota system as an opportunity to lobby for special license privileges, whereas a tariff is a source of government revenue to which they do not have easy access.
其次，限额制也常常能给政府机关更大行政上的弹性空间，以及处理国内公司事务上的权力。在限额制制度下，这些官员常常拥有可自由决定权——决定哪些公司拥有进口执照，他们可以利用这些权力为自己谋求利益（比如受贿）。对他们而言，保护主义势力仍然把限额制制度看作一个为执照特权游说的机会，而关税则是一种他们不能轻易接近的国家收入。
A quota operates by limiting the physical amount of the good or service imported. This reduces the quantity available to consumers, which in turn causes the domestic price to rise. The domestic price continues to rise until the quantity supplied domestically at the higher price plus the amount of the import allowed under the quota exactly equals the reduced quantity demanded. The quota thus restricts quantity supplied, causing price to adjust, in contrast to a tariff, which induces a quantity adjustment by fixing a higher domestic price.
一种配额制度的执行依赖于对进口货物（或服务）实际数量的限制。这就降低了消费者能买到的该产品的数量，相应地提高了国内产品的价格。国内价格会持续上升，直到高价供应的产品数量加上在配额制下允许进口的产品数量等于要求降低的数量。此外，相比依靠确定一个更高的国内价格来调整数量的关税，关税配额制也可以依靠限制数量上的供应，导致价格的调整。
翻译这个太累人了，不过挺有意思的，从毕业后就没翻译过这么长的段落
难道是你论文里的？
[ 本帖最后由 txjnancy 于 2010-5-18 16:48 编辑 ]
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txjnancy
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这玩意看着就头晕，翻译完自己都没心情检查。
不知道LZ干吗弄这么长的东西贴上来
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