加拿大华人论坛 加拿大百科IELTS写作讲义 (二)



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-英汉语序机械对应a. But the disadvantage of this suggestion is that many people will feel not as convenient as they did before.b. But the disadvantage of this suggestion is that many people will not feel as convenient as they did before.关联词运用实例说明1. 表示举例说明a case in point, after all, as a proof, as an illustration, as an example, for example, for instance, in particular, just as, namely, such, specifically, that is, to illustrate, to demonstrateMany southern cities are growing above the national average --- Atlanta is a case in point.The news about calcium and kidney stones is a case in point.Prisoners should be treated with respect --- they are human beings after all.These are, after all, very familiar species.It's extremely expensive to live in New York. For example, I pay $1250 for a one-bedroom apartment.Many countries, for example Mexico and Japan, have a lot of earthquakes.Old English was in many ways similar to Modern German. For instance, the nouns, adjectives, and verbs were highly inflected.We need to rethink the way we consume energy. Take, for instance, our approach to transport.Automobile prices in particular have fallen in recent months.His last album sold half a million copies and we hope this one will be just as (=equally) popular.One of the most important stages has yet to be started, namely beginning to fit the person into their new job.The issues are in two main clusters, namely the safety and the pricing and procurement of drugs.The rules make it quite clear what should be done in such a situation.We're talking about money - specifically, the money we need to repair our schools.One solution would be to change the shape of the screen, that is, to make it wider.

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寒月悲笳,万里西风瀚海沙;碧血丹心,关河渺茫梦征尘。 超赞 赏 狗狗凡Moderator 0$(VIP 0) 29,2292010-03-31#2 回复: IELTS写作讲义 (二)2. 表示增补意义additionally, again, along with, also, and, and then, as well as, besides, equally, even, further, furthermore, in addition, in other words, just as, likewise, moreover, not only...but also, similarly, to put it another way, to repeat, then, too, what’s moreThey may also additionally represent much more; they may indeed have a highly integrating social function.b)And again, these workshops will benefit the community widely.c) Dunne was murdered, along with three guards.d) Sugar is bad for your teeth. It can also contribute to heart disease.e) This is a flexible and user-friendly system suitable for beginners and advanced users alike.F) Fry the onions gently, and then add the meat and cook for a few minutes.g)The organization gives help and support to people in need, as well as raising money for local charities.h)People choose jobs for other reasons besides money.i)We want the economy to grow, but equally we want low inflation.j) It is possible to make good movies cheaply. Further, "low-budget" doesn't have to mean "bad."k)The majority of Americans increased their wealth in the past decade. Furthermore, the gains were substantial.l) A new security system was installed. In addition, extra guards were hired.m) The company provides cheap Internet access. In addition, it makes shareware freely available.n)The tax only affects people on incomes over $200,000 --- in other words, the very rich.o)The clams were delicious. Likewise, the eggplant was excellent.p)Using language is a very complex enterprise. Moreover, there is more to communication than merely putting sentences together.q)The system was not only complicated but also ineffective.r)The cost of food and clothing has come down in recent years. Similarly, fuel prices have fallen quite considerably.s)Money makes money. To put it another way, the more you invest, the greater your potential profit will be.t)The problem demands a global solution. To put it another way, local regulations will have very little effect.u) First you need to collect all the information and make detailed notes. Then you can start to actually write your essay.v)Think about what you owe, too, in terms of mortgages, credit cards, loans or hire purchase.w)Gas is a very efficient fuel. And what's more, it's clean.

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寒月悲笳,万里西风瀚海沙;碧血丹心,关河渺茫梦征尘。 超赞 赏 狗狗凡Moderator 0$(VIP 0) 29,2292010-03-31#3 回复: IELTS写作讲义 (二)3. 表示强调above all, anyway, as a matter of fact, certainly, indeed, in fact, in particular, most important, obviously, of course, surely, to be sure, truly, undoubtedly, without doubtAlthough it is somewhat limited in its applications it is easy to operate and above all it is fun.He got lost and spent hours looking for the station, and anyway it was past midnight by the time he got home.And, as a matter of fact, the U. S. Golf Association was delighted.Books and people certainly affected him.Most of the essays were very good indeed.Her teachers said she was a slow learner, whereas in fact she was partially deaf.Automobile prices in particular have fallen in recent months.But the reverse is true when an attorney represents a person who is obviously guilty or whose guilt is widely perceived.This is very obviously the approach of some one writing exclusively and specifically for the young.Of course there will be some difficult times ahead.If a sign were needed that the Internet has become a real market, the arrival of tax avoidance is surely it.Throwing money at the problem is surely not the way to convince people of sincerity.It was difficult, to be sure, but somehow we managed to finish the job.If we truly believe we can win, then we have a very good chance at doing it.Undoubtedly, public interest in folk music has declined.Sally was without doubt one of the finest swimmers in the school.

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寒月悲笳,万里西风瀚海沙;碧血丹心,关河渺茫梦征尘。 超赞 赏 狗狗凡Moderator 0$(VIP 0) 29,2292010-03-31#4 回复: IELTS写作讲义 (二)4. 表示对比或对照by contrast, but, conversely, in contrast, instead, on the contrary, on the other hand, otherwise, unlike, whereas, while, yetThe birth rate for older women has declined, but, by contrast, births to teenage mothers have increased.The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but to provide work for young people.American consumers prefer white eggs; conversely, British buyers like brown eggs.Scandinavian cruises are very popular in the summer; conversely, the Caribbean is most popular in the winter.The stock lost 60 cents a share, in contrast to last year, when it gained 21 cents.Instead of being annoyed, he seemed quite pleased.It wasn't a good thing; on the contrary it was a huge mistake.Nuclear power is relatively cheap. On the other hand, you could argue that it's not safe.It is equally vital that both should be mentioned, otherwise a client, particularly a buyer, could be seriously misled.Unlike most people in the office, I don't come to work by car.A bowl of instant oatmeal costs about $.15, whereas regular oatmeal costs only $.05 per bowl.The old system was fairly complicated whereas the new system is really very simple.Schools in the north tend to be better equipped, while those in the south are relatively poor.Last summer there was a drought, yet some people were still watering their lawns every day.

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寒月悲笳,万里西风瀚海沙;碧血丹心,关河渺茫梦征尘。 超赞 赏 狗狗凡Moderator 0$(VIP 0) 29,2292010-03-31#5 回复: IELTS写作讲义 (二)5. 表示比较by comparison, equally, equally important, in comparison, in the same way, in the same manner, like, likewise, similarlyAfter months of living in a tropical climate, Spain seemed cool by comparison.By comparison with other European countries, car prices in the UK are very high.Even when the correct word was given a high probability, there were many other words with an equally high probability.Many business people do not know what sexual harassment is. Equally important, they do not know how to prevent it.an extremely unpleasant disease which is, however, easy to treatCotton production was on the increase. However, it was still a small industry compared to hemp and canvas production.The deaf children of hearing parents are almost normal in comparison, having everything except language experience.There is often stronger social control evident in the socialisation of girls in comparison to boys.Good management accounts separate the well-organised from the rest but are not vital in the same way.I don't want him treating me like Jim treated me.The clams were delicious. Likewise, the eggplant was excellent.The cost of food and clothing has come down in recent years. Similarly, fuel prices have fallen quite considerably.

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寒月悲笳,万里西风瀚海沙;碧血丹心,关河渺茫梦征尘。 超赞 赏 狗狗凡Moderator 0$(VIP 0) 29,2292010-03-31#6 回复: IELTS写作讲义 (二)6. 表示让步admittedly, after all, all the same, although, certainly, clearly, even so, it is true (that), in spite of, nevertheless, of course, still, trueThe technique is painful, admittedly, but it benefits the patient greatly.Printing and presentation should be as attractive as possible --- after all the library is an attractive place isn't it?I realise she can be very annoying, but I think you should apologise all the same.We decided to take rooms in Longwood House, although we knew we could not really afford the rent.We are not especially well-treated, certainly not as well as the locals.Clearly, the racial problems in America have no easy answers.The fines for speeding are large, but even so, they are not always a deterrent.And it is true that after his death she ceased to exist for the world beyond the farm.But in spite of the hardships, real efforts and progress are being made.A false belief may nevertheless be justified.Though employment growth is down, the area is still attracting health care, high tech, banking and sports-related industries.

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寒月悲笳,万里西风瀚海沙;碧血丹心,关河渺茫梦征尘。 超赞 赏 狗狗凡Moderator 0$(VIP 0) 29,2292010-03-31#7 回复: IELTS写作讲义 (二)7. 表示结果accordingly, as a result, consequently, for this reason, hence, in this way, so, therefore, thusSome of the laws were contradictory. Accordingly, measures were taken to clarify them.As many as 2,500 people died as a result of the earthquake and the ensuing tidal waves.Most computer users have never received any formal keyboard training. Consequently, their keyboard skills are inefficient.The cost of transport is a major expense for an industry. Hence factory location is an important consideration.In this way normal healthy people may be tested without inducing any damage in their brain.The building work is taking quite a long time, and therefore costing us money.Most of the evidence was destroyed in the fire. Thus it would be almost impossible to prove him guilty.8. 表示转折although, but, despite, except for, though, however, in spite of, instead, nevertheless, on the other hand, otherwise, rather than, though, yetYou can copy down my answers, although I'm not sure they're right.In the US it is normal for the police to carry guns, but not in Britain.Despite international pressure, progress has slowed in the peace talksPen Pros: Except for personal letters, handwritten notes are withering into extinction.The rooms, though small, were pleasant and airy.This is a cheap and simple process. However there are dangers.In spite of her success, Spencer continues to get depressed.Cardew did not join the navy. Instead, he decided to join the theater and become an actor.Thus we can talk of a local government system which is different from a central government system but nevertheless interacts with it.Reintroduction of food after elemental regimens must nevertheless be undertaken with the greatest of care irrespective of whether or not elimination diets are used.The hamburger was tough and overcooked. The fries, on the other hand, were terrific, and well worth the money.Stir the sauce until it cools, otherwise it will be lumpy.It presumes that reality is dynamic rather than static, and therefore seeks relationships between ideas, to aim at synthesis.There is no important theory-based reason why these countries rather than others were selected.The offenders were dealt with firmly though fairly.They charge incredibly high prices, yet customers keep coming back for more.

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寒月悲笳,万里西风瀚海沙;碧血丹心,关河渺茫梦征尘。 超赞 赏 狗狗凡Moderator 0$(VIP 0) 29,2292010-03-31#8 回复: IELTS写作讲义 (二)9. 表示结论as has been noted (mentioned, stated), at last, finally, in a word, all in all, in brief, in conclusion, in short, in sum, in summary, to conclude, to sum up, to summarizeAn Inhibition as mentioned above, is rarely used.At last, we were able to afford a house.We finally found a decent apartment close to campus.Pop, in a word, is fascination versus meaning.It was, all in all, more like a prison than an office.In brief, the President plans to cut defense spending and lower taxes.In conclusion, I want to thank all the people who have volunteered their time to our organization.In short, the report says that more money should be spent on education.In sum, we need to cut costs.In summary, do not sell your shares.To conclude, the prospects for philosophy of religion look brighter than they have done for many moons.To sum up, for a healthy heart you must take regular exercise and stop smoking.To summarize, in most cases the schools were achieving the standards set.

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寒月悲笳,万里西风瀚海沙;碧血丹心,关河渺茫梦征尘。 超赞 赏 狗狗凡Moderator 0$(VIP 0) 29,2292010-03-31#9 回复: IELTS写作讲义 (二)10.表示顺序and, besides, finally, first, firstly, further, in the first place, last, next, second, secondly, third, thirdly, to begin with, to start with, It also assigned staff people to work with individual companies that wanted to launch a program.This is a flexible and user-friendly system suitable for beginners and advanced users alike.You need to know what rights you have and how to use them.Besides going to aerobics twice a week, she rides horses on Saturdays.And finally, I'd like to thank the crew.First, I'd like to thank everyone for coming.The application of the five stages to the task illustrated would involve, firstly, the definition of the task.It is possible to make good movies cheaply. Further, "low-budget" doesn't have to mean "bad."And there is the question of the relevance of the trading of information in the first place.Connect the red wires first and the black ones last.First you need to select the text you want to move. Next, click on the "Move" command at the top of the screen.But, second, in the vast majority of markets, efficient production can be attained with a high degree of competition.The more you practise the better you will become at selecting historical information to suit firstly your essay and secondly your argument.To begin with, much of this new housing is not affordable.I'm not going to Vegas. To start with, I don't like gambling, and I also can't get time off work.

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寒月悲笳,万里西风瀚海沙;碧血丹心,关河渺茫梦征尘。 超赞 赏 狗狗凡Moderator 0$(VIP 0) 29,2292010-03-31#10 回复: IELTS写作讲义 (二)写作基本要领 使用规范的句子 完整1) 意义的完整Bikes are so popular in China.(Bikes are so popular in China that almost every family has at least one.)2) 结构的完整指代不明It is incredible to many people. Cigarette smokers spend money for illness.(It is incredible to many people that cigarette smokers spend money for illness.)省略错误I said I have more respect for him than his wife.(I said I have more respect for him than for his wife.)断句不严We couldn’t decide upon a new car, there were many attractive models.(We couldn’t decide upon a new car, for there were many attractive models.) or(We couldn’t decide upon a new car. There were many attractive models.)

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寒月悲笳,万里西风瀚海沙;碧血丹心,关河渺茫梦征尘。 超赞 赏 狗狗凡Moderator 0$(VIP 0) 29,2292010-03-31#11 回复: IELTS写作讲义 (二)2. 连贯代词指向不明确He was knocked down by a bicycle, but it was not serious.(He was knocked down by a bicycle, but was not seriously hurt.)不定式、分词、动名词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致To succeed in a scientific research project, persistence is needed.(To succeed in a scientific research project, one needs to be persistent.)结构不平行Formerly, science was taught by the textbook method, while now the laboratory method is employed.(Formerly, science was taught by the textbook method; now it is taught by the laboratory method.)It was both a long ceremony and very tedious.(The ceremony was both long and tedious.)主次不分,重点不突出The competition for college enrollment is extremely keen this year and the candidates spend days and nights preparing for the entrance examination and they neglect their health and so the newspapers carry articles urging teachers and parents to take up this problem seriously.(As the competition for college enrollment is extremely keen this year, the candidates spend days and nights preparing for the entrance examination, neglecting their health. In view of this, the newspapers carry articles urging teachers and parents to take up this problem seriously.)

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寒月悲笳,万里西风瀚海沙;碧血丹心,关河渺茫梦征尘。 超赞 赏 狗狗凡Moderator 0$(VIP 0) 29,2292010-03-31#12 回复: IELTS写作讲义 (二)3. 简练删除(多余成分)The distant explosion was audible to the ear.(The distant explosion was audible.)There are four companies in Shanghai, and any of them can supply us with spareparts.(Any of the four companies in Shanghai can supply us with spareparts.)替换(用词或词组替代从句)The bottles that are placed on the shelf contain some chemicals that have been newly discovered.(The bottles on the shelf contain new chemicals.)Mr. Li, who is my favourite professor, has received a Distinguished Teacher Award.(Mr. Li, my favourite professor, has received a Distinguished Teacher Award.)多样化简单句与复杂句I am sorry not to have answered your letter earlier. I am sorry that I have not answered your letter earlier.双重否定The value of the information he has provided cannot be overestimated.There is no general rule without some exceptions.变化主语If you take this medicine, you will feel better. This medicine will make you feel better.常用句型相似性A is to B what/as C is to D Moral corruption is to the State as physical disease is to an individual body.Just as … , so … Just as woods are indispensable to birds, so is the earth to human beings.A and B have sth. in common As far as personality is concerned, they have almost everything in common.A is similar to B My hobby is similar to his in that we both like collecting records, foreign and domestic.The same is true of, The same can be said of As the economies of all countries are closely interrelated no country can develop in self-seclusion. The same is true of China.相异性A is just the opposite (to B)Beijing is populous and crowded, while Canberra is just the opposite.A differs from B in that …China’s condition differs from ours in that China has the largest population in the world.… is not the sameWhile it may be true that basketball and volleyball share certain features, the excitement each arouses in the spectators is not the same.

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寒月悲笳,万里西风瀚海沙;碧血丹心,关河渺茫梦征尘。 超赞 赏 狗狗凡Moderator 0$(VIP 0) 29,2292010-03-31#13 回复: IELTS写作讲义 (二)权衡The advantages outweigh the disadvantagesIt seems safe to say that the advantages of marriage outweigh the disadvantages of divorce.Nothing can rival …Perhaps nothing can rival the pleasure from reading.… has drawbacks as well as merits.There could be no doubt that job-hopping has its drawbacks as well as merits.A is superior to BMen may be superior to women in physical affairs. Yet, there is no difference in intelligence.… varies from person to personPeople’s attitude towards drugs varies from person to person.过渡句It is true that most jobs are a series of more or less unpleasant chores, but it doesn’t follow that that’s all they are.This is true, no doubt, but it is not the whole story by any means.It is fairly well known that Vitamin C is indispensable to health. But it is probably less well known that taking it excessively may do harm to the human body.This story also illustrates the importance of seizing an opportunity when it presents itself. It is one thing to be offered an opportunity; it is another thing to take it and use it well.表示倍数与比例关系Asia ranks first both in area and in population among the seven continents. Europe is second to Asia in population, but in area it is the last but one.We all hope that a country’s population should be in proportion to its area. Unfortunately, the reality often goes against our will.A is by far the larger university, being over three times as big as B.And in August as many as 39 car accidents were reported, indicating an increase of about 79 percent as compared with the number of January.图表作文中的过渡This table provides several important points of comparison between the two universities. As can be indicated in the table, the housing space for the staff of A in 1995 was 34 500 square meters, which nearly doubled the B’s corresponding figure.As we could find out later in this unit, his plan was not quite as he had expected.As is revealed in the graph …As the survey results show …描述曲线走势The population rose rapidly until it reached 600 000 in 1990. Since 1990 the growth has continued but the population has risen relatively slowly.Before 1970 the birth rate remained level. Then in 1970 it fell until it reached 30 per thousand in 1980.The birth rate in this region rocketed to the highest peak in 1963.After a steady decline for a whole decade the country’s fertility rate shows signs of leveling off.

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寒月悲笳,万里西风瀚海沙;碧血丹心,关河渺茫梦征尘。 超赞 赏 狗狗凡Moderator 0$(VIP 0) 29,2292010-03-31#14 回复: IELTS写作讲义 (二)图表作文中的开头与结尾This table provides several important points of comparison between the two key universities.The two graphs depict the same thing seen in two different ways. The first diagram simply records … The second graph throws a now light on …The key findings taken from the surveys are as follows: …If drivers continue to drive more carefully and further strengthen their sense of safety, the rate of accidents can be expected to decline even more dramatically in the year 1991.句子之间的连接1. 过渡词语1) 附加递进:and, also, moreover, furthermore, in addition, besides对比转折:but, yet, while, whereas, although, however, nevertheless, on the other hand, in contrast3) 陈述理由:for, since, as, because, due to, on the grounds that, owing to4) 表达结果:so, as a result, thus, consequently, therefore5) 肯定强调:obviously, certainly, of course, undoubtedly, in fact, indeed6) 罗列条件:if, as long as, provided that, unless7) 顺序列举:firstly, to begin with, then, after this, last but not least8) 举例论证:for instance, for example, namely, such as, including9) 总结说明:in conclusion, in summary, to sum up, to conclude反义词或互补词反义词:Years ago a TV set was regarded as a luxury. Today it is a necessity.互补词:Discrimination is mainly practiced against women in the field of science. We don’t find men complaining about this.概括词或上下义词概括词:An electron tube is generally used for amplification. Vacuum tube is another name for this device.上下义词:Yesterday a pigeon carried the first message from London to Liverpool. The bird covered the distance in two hours.

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寒月悲笳,万里西风瀚海沙;碧血丹心,关河渺茫梦征尘。 超赞 赏 狗狗凡Moderator 0$(VIP 0) 29,2292010-03-31#15 回复: IELTS写作讲义 (二)词汇链Brain injuries do not heal as do hurts in other parts of the body. A broken leg can be set. A black eye clears up. But the brain, once damaged, never recovers. The destruction of brain cell is permanent.一、1、Introduction:General descriptionDetails 1, 2, 3Caption/Symbolic meanings2、Body: 1)Topic sentence/Symbolic meanings2)Argument:background, facts, others’ opinions, reasons, consequenceCause and effectClassificationDefinition and explanationStatistics and facts:According to the recent survey/data/figure/statistics/study by the Chinese Academy of Social Science, …%(per cent) ….Exemplification:Numerous examples can be given, but this/these will suffice.I can think of no better illustration than the following one(s).This/These case(s) effectively clarify that…Compare and contrast3)Summary3、Conclusion:1)Concluding sentence2)Suggestions 1、23)Only in this way can we solve this problem. (It is high time that we solved this problem.)二、1、First(ly), In the first place, To begin with, First and foremost, Above all, On the one hand, For one thing,2、Second(ly), In the second place, Besides, In addition, What’s more, Furthermore, Moreover, On the other hand, For another3、Last(ly),(The)Last but not (the)least, More importantly, Even worse,Conversely, Nevertheless, Unfortunately, Whereas, Yet, Instead, In/By comparison/contrast, On the contrary,4、As a result/consequence, Consequently, Accordingly, Thus, Hence, Generally/Briefly speaking,

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加拿大百科-加拿大

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